章節分類(Sections):
1. 可執行的程式或是 shell 指令
2. 系統呼叫(system calls，Linux 核心所提供的函數)
3. 一般函式庫函數
4. 特殊檔案（通常位於 /dev）
5. 檔案格式與協定，如 /etc/passwd
6. 遊戲
7. 雜項(巨集等，如 man(7)、groff(7))
8. 系統管理者指令(通常是管理者 root 專用的)
9. Kernel routines(非標準)
線上查詢:
https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/index.html
Program部份:
gcc : https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/gcc.1.html
g++: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/g++.1.html
參考網址：
第六章、Linux 檔案與目錄管理 - 鳥哥 - 基礎學習篇 - CentOS 7.x
善用 man 指令查詢 Linux 線上手冊（Man Page）
1. install VS code
Download the corresponding version
https://code.visualstudio.com/download?_exp_download=fb315fc982
sudo apt install ./<file>.deb
Ref:
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/windows
2. install extension for C/C++ or other
Start app
Enter extensions and install: C/C++, C/C++ Extension Pack, C/C++ DevTools
Ref:
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/cpp
3. first program(Hello World) and do debug
Please check the under link.
.vscode -- some setting file
tasks.json (compiler build settings)
launch.json (debugger settings)
c_cpp_properties.json (compiler path and IntelliSense settings)
Debug:
a. Open main.cpp in VS code.
b. Add a breakpoint in source code
c. Press the play button(in the right-up location), select Debug C/C++ File in the drop-down
Ref:
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-linux
4. Debugging with Multiple Files
Previous step will generate tasks.json. Modify task.json.
Replease
"${file}",
to
"file1.cpp",
"file2.cpp",
Ref:
http://antares.cs.kent.edu/~csi/blog/vscodemultiple.html
Use source code
1. Download the newest source code from official website: Source code(zip) or Source code(tar.gz)
https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/releases
2. Decompress source codes and enter the folder
cd ImageMagick-7.1.2-27
3. Set build environment
./configure
4. build code
make
5. install ImageMagick
sudo make install
6. update dynamic shared library
sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib
Ref:
1. Check previous article to install GLFW
2. Download Glad(https://glad.dav1d.de)
C/C++, OpenGL, gl(Version 3.3) --> Generate --> Download Zip file
3. File tree
├── glad.c
├── include/
│ ├── KHR/
│ │ └── khrplatform.h
│ └── glad/
│ └── glad.h
└── Hello_Window.cpp
4. Hello_World.cpp(A Sample code)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
// Process escape key to close the window
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS) {
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
}
int main() {
// 1. Initialize GLFW
if (!glfwInit()) {
std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLFW" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// 2. Configure GLFW (Targeting OpenGL 3.3 Core Profile)
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // Required for macOS
#endif
// 3. Create the window object
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "OpenGL Hello World", NULL, NULL);
if (window == NULL) {
std::cerr << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
// 4. Initialize GLAD before calling any OpenGL functions
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// 5. The Render Loop
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// Input handling
processInput(window);
// Rendering commands (Clear screen with a dark greenish-blue color)
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// Swap buffers and poll window events
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// 6. Clean up resources
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Build code
g++ Hello_World.cpp glad.c -I./include -lglfw -lGL -ldl -o Hello_Window
1. install GLFW Library
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libglfw3 libglfw3-dev
2. Create a "Hello world.cpp" file and copy the under codes
-------------------------------------------------------------
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
// Initialize the library
if (!glfwInit()) return -1;
// Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
if (!window) {
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
// Make the window's context current
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
// Loop until the user closes the window
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// Render here
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// Swap front and back buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
// Poll for and process events
glfwPollEvents();
}
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
-------------------------------------------------------------
3. Build code
g++ "Hello world.cpp" -o "Hello world" -lglfw -lGL
4. Run
./Hello\ world
5. Search GLFW version
apt show libglfw3-dev
如無效， 請在文字模式下(tty3)，測試。 Ctrl+Alt+F3
1. 檢查：ls -l /dev/fb0
crw-rw---- 1 root video 29, 0 Jul 7 15:53 /dev/fb0
2. 輸出擷取畫面：cat /dev/fb0 > screensnap
3. 檢查：ls -l sreensnap
4. 清理螢幕：clear
5. 寫入FrameBuffer：cat sreensnap > /dev/fb0
6. 恢復原狀：clear
參考網址：
